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A BRIEF COMPEND 



OF THE 



HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, 



ARRANGED FOR THE USE OF 



TEACHERS AND PUPILS. 




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LEACH. SHEWELL Si SANBORN, 



BOSTON AND NEW YORK. 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



A BRIEF COMPEND 



History of the United States, 



ARRANGED FOR THE USE OF 



TEACHERS AND PUPILS. 



BY 

MARTIN L. SMITH, 

Principal Sixth Ward School, Racine. Wis. 



V 





LEACH, SHEWELL, & SANBORN, 

BOSTON AND NEW YORK. 



Copyright, 

By Martin L. Smith. 

1886. 






Electrotyped bv J. S. Gushing & Co., Boston. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Most teachers agree that history is best taught by 
topics, for the proper selection and arrangement of 
which, much care, time, and experience are requisite. 
This is the only apology for offering this little work 
to the consideration of my fellow-teachers. 
, A special effort has been made to so classify the 
principal features in the history of our country, such 
as Discoveries, Settlements, Slavery Question, Ac- 
quisition of Territory, States Rights, Growth, etc., 
and to state so clearly and definitely the causes and 
results of the wars, with their principal engagements, 
that pupils may quickly secure a well-defined knowl- 
edge of them. 

It is the product of the author's experience of ten 
years' teaching the subject in the Sixth Ward Gram- 
mar School of Racine. It does not assume to give 
new facts, nor does it purport to be original, except 
in plan, arrangement, and scope, in respect to which 
I know of no similar work. 

(3) 



A BRIEF COMPEND 



History of the United States. 



History is a record of events. 

An Epoch in History means a period of time during 
which somewhat similar events occur. 

The First Epoch, one of discoveries, extends from 
the discovery of America in 1492 to the settlement of James- 
town, Va., in 1607. 

The Second Epoch, the settlement and development 
of the Colonies, extends from the settlement at Jamestown, 
Va., in 1607, to the breaking out of the Revolutionary War 
in 1775. 

The Third Epoch extends from the breaking out of 
the Revolutionary War in 1775 to the adoption of the Con- 
stitution in 1787. 

The Fourth Epoch extends from the adoption of the 
Constitution in 1787 to the breaking out of the " Civil War" 
in 1861. 

The Fifth Epoch extends from the breaking out of the 
Civil War in 1861 to the surrender of Lee's army in 1865. 

The Sixth and Present Epoch begins with the close 
of the Civil War in 1865. 

(5) 



jfiret lepocb. 



EXPLORATIONS AND DISCOVERIES. 



SPANISH. 

' Born, Genoa, Italy, 1435. 

fSan Salvador. 
Concepcion. 
Cuba. 
Hayti. 

{Windward Group. 
Jamaica. 
Porto Rico. 
Founded a colony in Hayti. 
Continent of America near mouth of 
the Orinoco. 
1502. Coast of Central America. 
Died, Valladolid, Spain, 1506. 

15 1 2. Ponce de Leon. Florida. 

1 5 13. Balboa. Pacific Ocean. 

(6) 



1498 I 



15 2 1. Cortez conquered Mexico. 

1520-22. Magellan. Straits of Magellan. First circum- 



1520 

1525 
1528 

1541 

1542 

1565 
1582 



1524 

1535 
1562 

1564 
1605 
1608 
1609 
1673 
1682 
1688 



De Allyon's first expedition to Carolina. 
De Allyon's second expedition to Carolina. 
De Narvaez attempted to conquer Florida. 
De Soto. Mississippi River. 
Cabrillo. Pacific coast. 
Melendez. St. Augustine. 
Espejo. Sante Fe. 



DUTCH. 

1609. Henry Hudson. Hudson river and bay. 



FRENCH. 

Verrazani. Carolina to Newfoundland. 
Cartier. Gulf and River St. Lawrence. 
Ribaut. Port Royal, S.C., first expedition. 
Laudonniere. Fort on St. John's River, Florida. 
De Monts. Port Royal, N.S. 
Champlain. Quebec. 
Champlain. Lake Champlain. 
Father Marquette. 
La Salle. 
Population, 11,000. 

(7) 



ENGLISH. 

1497. Cabots. Labrador to Albemarle Sound. 
1576. Frobisher. Strait. 

1579. Drake explored Pacific Ocean. Second circum- 
navigation. 

1583. Gilbert's first voyage to the New World. 

1584. Raleigh's expedition to North Carolina. 
1585-87. Raleigh's attempt to found a colony. 

1602. Gosnold. Cape Cod. 

1603. Pring. Maine to Martha's Vineyard. 



(8) 



CLAIMS BY RIGHT OF DISCOVERY. 



SPANISH. 

Mexico ; nearly all United States called Florida j all the 
Pacific coast called New Mexico. 

FRENCH. 

Acadia; Canada; all of the Mississippi Valley called 
New France. 

ENGLISH. ' 

All of Atlantic coast, westward indefinitely. 

DUTCH. 

Atlantic coast from Connecticut River to Delaware, called 
New Netherlands. 

Based upon the Discoveries and Explorations of 

SPANISH. , 

Columbus, Ponce de Leon, 

Balboa, De Soto. 

FRENCH. 

Verrazani, Cartier and Champlain. 

Fathers Marquette and La Salle. 

ENGLISH. 

Cabots. 



DUTCH. 

Henry Hudson. 
(9) 



Seconb lEpocb* 



SETTLEMENTS. 



VIRGINIA. 

1607. Jamestown. English. 
John Smith. 

r First Charter, 1606. 
Government-! Second Charter, 1609. 
(.Third Charter, 16 12. 
1 6 10. Starving time. 
Lord Delaware. 
Pocahontas. 

1 6 19. Slavery introduced. 
First Colonial Assembly. 

1620. Planters' wives. 
1622. 
1644. 
1624. Royal Province. 

Navigation Act. 



Indian massacres. 



1651. 

1660. 

1676. Bacon's Rebellion. 

1677-84. Proprietary. 

1684. Royal Province. 

1776. Revolutionary War. 

(10) 



1673. 



NEW YORK. 

1 6 14. New York. Dutch. 
^ f Dutch West India ) Manhattan Island. 
* 1 Company. j Albany. 
Patroons. 

Dutch. Stuyvesant conquered Swedes and Finns. 
Boundaries. 
1664. English. Sloughter. Governor Andros. 
( Dutch regained possession. 
1 English regained possession. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1620. Plymouth. Enghsh. Puritans. 
Mayflower and Speedwell. 

1 62 1. Treaty with Massasoit. 
1638. Harvard College. 

Trouble with the Quakers. 

Trouble with the Indians. 
1643. Union of Colonies. 
1675. King Philip's War. 
1692. Salem witchcraft. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

1623. Portsmouth. English. 

Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Capt. John Mason. 
1629. Partnership dissolved. Mason's heirs. 

Union with Massachusetts. 
1 741. Final separation. 

(") 



CONNECTICUT. 

^^33- Windsor. English. 

Earl of Warwick. 

Lord Say and Seal and Lord Brooke. 

Dutch. 
1635. Saybrook Colony. 

1637. Pequod War. 

1638. New Haven Colony. 

r Hartford. 

1639. Connecticut Colonies. < Windsor. 

( Wethersfield. 
Union of Saybrook, Conn., and New Haven Colo- 
nies. Governor Andros. 
1687. Charter Oak. 



MARYLAND. 

1634. St. Mary's. English. 

Charter. 
1 63 1. William Clayborne. 

Lord Baltimore. George Calvert. 

Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert. 

Christianity. 
1645. Clayborne's Rebellion. 

Toleration Act. 

Civil War. 
1 69 1. Royal Province. 
1 715. Proprietary to Revolution. 

(12) 



RHODE ISLAND. 

1636. Providence. English. 

Roger Williams. 
1644. Charter Plantations united. 

" Freedom of faith and worship to all. 

DELAWARE. 

1638. Wilmington. Swedes. 

Dutch. 
1644-82. Part of Province of New York. 
1682. William Penn. 

One Governor. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

1663. Albemarle Sound. English. 
Lord Clarendon. 
Grand Model. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

1670. Ashley River. English. 

Carteret's Colony. 

Charleston. 

Grand Model. 
1729. Sold and separated. 

Royal Province to Revolution. 

(13) 



NEW JERSEY. 

1622. Dutch trading post. 

1664. Elizabethtown. English. 

r Berkely. 
Proprietary. | ^^^^^^^^ 

1682. Quakers. WilHam Penn. 
1702. United with New York. 
1738. Separated. 

Royal Province. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1682. Philadelphia. English. 

Treaty with the Indians. 

Growth. 
1 718. Death of William Penn. 

Proprietary to Revolution. 

GEORGIA. 

1733. Savannah. English. 

James Oglethorpe. 

"In Trust for the Poor." 

Trade. 

r Proprietary. 
Government. < ^ , ,. . -r^ 

( Royal Provmce to Revolution. 

(14) 



THIRTEEN ORIGINAL COLONIES. 



When. 


States. 


Where Settled. 


By Whom. 


1607 


Virginia. 


Jamestown. 


English. 


1614 


New York. 


New York. 


Dutch. 


1620 


Massachusetts. 


Plymouth. 


English. 


1623 


New Hampshire. 


Portsmouth. 


English. 


^^33 


Connecticut. 


Windsor. 


English. 


1634 


Maryland. 


St. Mary's. 


English. 


1636 


Rhode Island. 


Providence. 


English. 


1638 


Delaware. 


Wilmington. 


Swedes. 


1663 


North Carolina. 


Albemarle Sound. 


English. 


1664 


New Jersey. 


Elizabethtown. 


English. 


1670 


South Carolina. 


Ashley River. 


English. 


1682 


Pennsylvania. 


Philadelphia. 


English. 


1733 


Georgia. 


Savannah. 


English. 



(15) 



INTER-COLONIAL WARS. 



KING WILLIAM'S WAR. 
1689-1697. 

Cause : War between France and England. 
Attacks upon Colonists, N.Y. and N.E. 
Attacks by Colonists, Port Royal, Acadia. 
Treaty : Ryswick, Holland. 
Result : Same Territory. 

QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. 
1702-1713. 

Cause : War between France and England. 
Attacks upon Colonists, N. E. 

Attacks by Colonists, St. Augustine, Port Royal, and 
Quebec. 

Treaty: Utrecht, Holland. 
Result : Acadia ceded to England. 
(16) 



• KING GEORGE'S WAR. 

1 744-1 748. 

Cause : War between France and England. 

Louisburg; Cape Breton. 

Treaty : Aix-la-Chapelle, Germany. 

Result : England gave back Louisburg to France. 



FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

Causes : 

1. The French and English claimed the same territory. 

2. A national animosity existed between the French and 
English. 

3. The French and Enghsh settlers conflicted on the 
frontier. 

Washington's Tourney. 
1753 ' 



( WSii 

lohi 



Ohio Company existed. 

(17) 



PRINCIPAL ACTIONS OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 



Date. 


Where Fought. 


Commanders. 


Success- 


English. 


French. 


ful. 


1754- 


Du Quesne, fort built. 
Great Meadows. 
Fort Necessity. 


Washington. 
Washington. 


Junonville (killed). 
Villiers. 


English. 
French. 


1755- 


Nova Scotia. 

Vicinity Lake George. 
Battle of Lake George. 

Du Quesne. 


t Winslow, 
( Monckton. 
Williams. 
Johnson. 

Braddock 

(killed). 


\ 

Dieskau. 

Dieskau (mortallv 
wounded.) 


English. 

French. 
English. 

French. 


1756- 


Oswego. 
Kittanning. 
War declared. 


Mercer. 
Armstrong. 


Montcalm. 
(Indians.) 


French. 
English. 


1757- 


Fort William Henry. 


Monroe. 


Montcalm. 


French. 


1758. 


Louisburg. 
Ticonderoga. 

Du Quesne (now Pittsburg) 

Frontenac. 


Amherst. 
Abercrombie. 
Forbes. 
Bradstreet. 


Montcalm. 


English. 
French. 
EngHsh, 
French. 


1759. 


Quebec. 

Ticonderoga and \ 
Crown. Point. ) 
Niagara. 


"I die happi'." 

Wolfe. 

Amherst. 

Prideaux 

(killed). 


" I shall not live to 
see the surrender of 
Quebec." 

Montcalm. 
Fr'ch evacuated. 


English. 
English. 
English. 


1760. 


Sillery. 
Montreal. 


Amherst. 


De Levi. | 


Frch first; 
a few days 
after, Eng. 

English. 



(18) 



1763. Treaty at Paris. 

Results : Spain ceded Florida to England. 

France gave up all territory east of the Mississippi, except 
two small islands south of Newfoundland. 

New Orleans and all the country she owned west of the 
Mississippi, France ceded to Spain. 

English supremacy established in the New World. 

(19) 



Zhiv^ lEpocb. 



REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 

General Cause : 

The right of arbitrary government claimed by England 
and denied by the colonists. 

Remote Causes : 

1. The influence of France, which was constantly exerted 
to excite a spirit of resistance in the colonies. 

2. The natural disposition and inherited character of the 
colonists. They were dissenters in religion and republican 
in politics. 

3. The growth of public opinion in the colonies tended 
to independence. 

4. The personal and arbitrary character of King George 
the Third. 

Direct Causes : 

1. Taxation without Representation. 

2. All the colonies had suffered from Royal Govern- 
ments. 

(20) 



1765. Stamp Act. 

1767. Tax on Tea. 

1768. Troops sent to Boston. 

1769. Trials in England. 

1770. Boston Massacre. 

1773. Boston Tea Party. 

1774. Boston Port Bill. 



First Colonial 

Congress 

met in New York, 

Oct. 7, 1765. 



PRELIMINARY ACTS. 

Nine Colonies represented. 

Declaration of Rights. 
Acts. ^ Petition to the King. 

Memorial to Pariiament. 



First Continental 

Congress 

met in Philadelphia, 

Sept. 5, 1774. 



Gave support to Massachusetts. 
Second Declaration of Rights. 
Petition to the King. 
Address to the people of England. 



Second Continental f Last appeal to the King. 

Congress I George Washington appointed Corn- 



met in Philadelphia 
May 10, 1775. 



mander-in-Chief. 
Continued during the War. 



(21) 



PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 



Dates 
when 


Battles. 
Where Fought. 


Commanders. 


Men Engaged. 


rt 


Fought. 


American. 


British. 


Am. 


Brit. 


^1 


1775- 
Apr. 19 

June 17 

Dec. 31 


Lexington. 
Bunker Hill. 
Quebec. 


Parker. 

Prescott. 

Montgomery. 


Smith. 
Gen. Howe 
Carleton. 


unknown 

1500 

900 


1700 
3000 
1200 


Brit. 
Brit. 
Brit. 


1776. 
June 28 

Aug. 27 

Dec. 26 


Fort Moultrie. 
Long Island. 
Trenton. 


Moultrie. 

Putnam. 

Washington. 


Parker. 
Gen. Howe 
Rahl. 


400 
5000 
2400 


4000 

20000 

1000 


Am. 
Brit. 
Am. 


1777. 
Sept. 1 1 

Oct. 4 

Oct. 7 


Brandywine. 
German town. 
Saratoga. 


Washington. 
Washington. 
Gates. 


Gen. Howe 
Gen. Howe 
Burgoyne. 


IICXX) 
IIOOO 
IIOCX) 


18000 

15000 

7000 


Brit. 
Brit. 
Am. 


June 28 


Monmouth. 


Washington. 


Clinton. 


12000 


IIOOO 


Am. 


1779. 
Oct. 9 


Savannah, 


Lincoln. 


Prevost. 


4500 


2900 


Brit. 


1780. 
May 12 


Charleston. 


Lincoln. 


Clinton. 


3700 


9000 


Brit. 


1781. 
Mar. 15 

Oct. 19 


Guilford C. H. 
Yorktown. 


Greene. 
Washington. 


Cornwallis. 
Cornwallis. 


4400 
16000 


2400 

7500 


Brit. 
Am. 



(22) 



1783. TREATY AT PARIS. 



Great Britain acknowledged the independence of the 
United States, and conceded the right to fish on the 
banks of Newfoundland. The boundaries were fixed at 
the Great Lakes at the north and the Mississippi River 
on the west. 

Florida given back to Spain. 

(23) 



jfourtb, ififtb, anb Siytb lEpocbe. 



PRESIDENTIAL ADMINISTRATIONS. 



No. 


Presidents. 


Most Important Events during each 
Administration. 


> 


George Washington. 


Government organized; Revenue provided 
for. 


2 


John Adams. 


Alien and Sedition Laws. 


3 


Thomas Jeflerson. 


Purchase of Louisiana. 


4 


James Madison. 


War of 181 2 with Fngland. 


5 


James Monroe. 


Monroe Doctrine; Missouri Compromise. 


6 


John Q. Adams. 


Prosperity; First Railroad in United States; 
"American System." 


7 


Andrew Jackson. 


Rotation in office; S. C. NuUification. 


8 


Martin Van Buren. 


Financial Crisis of 1837. 


9 


Wm. H. Harrison. 


Office Seekers. 


lO 


John Tyler. 


Annexation of Texas. 


II 


James K. Polk. 


Mexican War. 


12 


Zachary Taylor. 


Slaverv Questions discussed. 


13 


Millard Fillmore. 


" Omnibus Bill." 


14 


Franklin Pierce. 


Kansas and Nebraska Bill; Gadsden Pur- 
chase. 


15 


James Buchanan. 


Slaverv Question discussed ; John Brown's 
Raid. 


16 


Abraham Lincoln. 


The Civil War. 


17 


Andrew Johnson. 


Reconstruction. 


18 


Ulysses S. Grant. 


Pacific Railroad and "Centennial"; Ala- 
bama Claims. 


19 


Rutherford B. Hayes. 


Railroad Strike ; U. S. Troops withdrawn 
from South. 


20 


Jame; A. Garfield. 


" Star Route Frauds " exposed. His 
Assassination. 


21 


Chester A. Arthur. 


Foreign Policv. 


22 


Grover Cleveland. 


Civil Service Reforms. 



(24) 





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Federalists. 
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Republicans. 
Republicans. 
All I'arties. 
House of Reps. 
Democrats. 
Democrats. 
Whigs. 
Whigs. 
Democrats. 
Whigs. 
Whigs. 
Democrats. 
Democrats. 
Republicans. 
Republicans. 
Republicans. 
Republicans. 
Republicans. 
Republicans, 
Democrats. 


1 

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4 years. 
8 years. 


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8 years. 
4 years. 
8 years. 
4 years. 
I month. 

3 yrs. lo mo. 26 ds. 

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2 yrs. 7 mo. 23 ds. 
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4 yrs. I mo. 1 1 ds. 

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John Adams. 
Thomas Jefferson. 


James Madison. 
James Monroe. 
John Q. Adams. 
Andrew Jackson. 
Martin Van Buren. 
Wm. H. Harrison. 
John Tyler. 
James K. Polk. 
Zachary Taylor. 
Millard Fillmore. 
Franklin Pierce. 
James Buchanan. 
Abraham Lincoln. 
Andrew Johnson. 
Ulysses S. Grant. 
Rutherford B. Hayes. 
James A. Garfield. 
Chester A. Arthur. 
Grover Cleveland. 


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(25) 



WAR OF 1812. 

Causes : 

1. The impressment of American seamen. 

2. England harassed the commerce of U.S. 

3. England had emissaries among the Indians to incite 
them against the Americans. 

More than 6000 American citizens had been impressed 
into the British navy ; and 900 American vessels had been 
captured for violating England's arbitrary regulations. 

On May 16, 181 1, the British sloop of war, " Little Belt," 
off Virginia, fired into the American frigate, " President." 
The " President " returned the fire, and in an engagement 
which followed, the British sloop was disabled, 11 of her 
men killed, and 21 wounded. 

On the 19th of June, 181 2, President Madison issued a 
proclamation of war against Great Britain. 

(26) 



NAVAL ENGAGEMENTS. 



During the year 1812 the Americans were successful in 
every naval engagement. 



Dates. 


Where Fought. 


Vessels. 


CommandefS. 


1812. 










Off Massachu- 


Am. Frig. Constitution. 


Hull. 


Aug. 19. 


setts. 


Br. Frig. Guerriere. 


Dacres. 




Off North Car- 


Am. Sloop Wasp. 


Jones. 


Oct. 15. 


olina. 


Br. Brig Frolic. 


Whinyates. 


1813. 






" Don't give up the 
ship." 




Massachusetts 


Am. Frig. Chesapeake. 


Lawrence. 


June I. 


Bay. 


Br. Frigate Shannon. 


Broke. 

" We have met the en- 
emy and they are ours." 


Sept. 10. 


Lake Erie. 


Am. 9 vessels, 54 guns. 
Br. 6 vessels, 63 guns. 


Perry. 
Barclay. 


1814. 


Lake Cham- 


Am. 14 vessels, 86 guns. 


McDonough. 


Sept. II. 


plain. 


Br. 17 vessels, 95 guns. 


Downie. 



(27) 



PRINCIPAL LAND BATTLES OF THE WAR OF 1812. 



Dates. 


Battles. 


Commanders. 


Men Engaged. 


ri 




American. 


British. 


Am. 


Brit. 


^ s 


I8l2. 

Aug. 1 6. 


Detroit. 


Hull. 1 


Brock and \ 
Tecumseh. ) 


1200 


1300 


Brit. 


1813. 

Oct. 5. 


Thames. 


Harrison. 


Proctor. 


2500 


2CXX) 


Am, 


1814. 
Sept. II. 
Aug. 24. 
July 25. 


Plattsburg. 
Bladensburg. 
Lundy's Lane. 


Macomb. 

Winder. 

Brown. 


Prevost. 

Ross. 

Drummond. 


3000 
3500 
3500 


14000 
5000 
5000 


Am. 
Brit. 
Am. 


1815. 
Jan. 8. 


New Orleans. 


Jackson. 


Pakenham. 


6000 


12000 


Am. 



A TREATY OF PEACE 



was signed at Ghent, Belgium, Dec. 24, 18 14. The two 
great points of dispute, the encroachments upon American 
commerce, and the impressment of American seamen, were 
not mentioned. However, both ceased at the close of the 
war. 

(28) 



MEXICAN WAR. 



Cause : The annexation of Texas led to the Mexican War. 

Texas had gained its independence and maintained it for 
nine years, but Mexico still claimed the territory as a part 
of her own, and also claimed that the Neuces was the west- 
ern limit of Texas. 

Texas claimed the Rio Grande as her western boundary 
line. 

The efforts of the United States and of Mexico to possess, 
occupy, and govern the territory betvyeen the Neuces and 
the Rio Grande rivers was the occasion of the war. 

The Americans were successful in every battle. 

(29) 



PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE WAR WITH MEXICO. 







Commanders. 


Men Engaged. 


Dates. 


Battles. 










American. 


Mexican. 


Am. 


Mex. 


1846. 












May 8. 


Palo Alto. 


Taylor. 


Arista. 


2300 


6000 


May 9. 


Resaca de la Palma. 


Taylor. 


Arista. 


2200 


5000 


Sept. 24. 


Monterey. 


Taylor. 


Ampudia. 


6600 


lOCXX) 


1847. 












Feb. 23. 


Buena Vista. 


Taylor. 


Santa Anna 


4700 


17000 


Mar. 27. 


Vera Cruz. 


Scott. 


Morales. 


I20CX) 


6000 


Apr. 18. 


Cerro Gordo. 


Scott. 


Santa Anna 


8500 


12000 


Aug. 20. 


Cherubusco. 


Scott. 


Santa Anna 


8000 


25000 


Sept. 13. 


Chapultepec. 


Scott. 


Bravo. 


7200 


25000 



(30) 



The Treaty of Peace was signed on the 2d of February, 
1848, at Guadaloupe Hidalgo, a small town near the city 
of Mexico. The boundary line between Mexico and the 
United States was the Rio Grande from its mouth to the 
southern limit of New Mexico, thence westward along its 
southern boundary, and northward along its western boun- 
dary to the river Gila, thence down the river Gila to the 
Colorado, thence westward to the Pacific. All territory 
north of the boundary Hne, including New Mexico and 
California, was relinquished to the United States. On the 
part of the United States it was agreed that $15,000,000 
should be paid for the territory, and to assume all debts 
due from Mexico to American citizens, said debts not to 
exceed $3,500,000. 

Peace was proclaimed by President Polk on the 4th of 
July, 1848. 

(31) 



SLAVERY QUESTION. 



1 6 19. Introduced into Virginia. 

1628. Introduced into New York. 

1630. Introduced into Massachusetts. 

1 660-1 6 76. Opposed by the Colonies, but fostered by 

Great Britain. 
1 74 1. Negro plot in New York. 

Slavery existed in all the Colonies until 1780. 
After 1 780 the Northern States began to abolish 
Slavery. 
1787. Discussed at the formation of the United States 

Constitution. 
1808. Slave importation forbidden in United States. 
1 790-1820. Laws passed against it in all States north of 

Mason and Dixon's line, 39° 43' 26.3". 
1820. Slave trade declared piracy. 
Missouri Compromise. 

1845. Texas admitted with privilege of holding slaves. 

1846. Wilmot Proviso. 
1850. Omnibus Bill. 

1854. Kansas and Nebraska Act. 
1 85 5-1 860. Kansas troubles. 

(32) 



185 7- Dred Scott Decision. 

Personal Liberty Laws. 
1859. John Brown's Raid. 
i860. Lincoln elected. 
1863. Emancipation Proclamation. 
1865. Constitutional Amendments. 

It is estimated that 300,000 slaves were imported into the 
thirteen original Colonies up to 1776. 



^>e^c 



OMNIBUS BILL, 1850. 



1. California admitted as a free State. 

2. New Mexico and Utah to be organized as Territories 
without mention of Slavery. 

3. Boundary of Texas established, and ^10,000,000 to 
be paid to Texas for giving up its claim to the territory of 
New Mexico. 

4. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia. 

5. Fugitive Slave Law. 

(33) 



STATES RIGHTS. 



Considered in forming the Constitution of U.S. 
1794. Whiskey Insurrection in PennsyUania. 
1798. Virginia and Kentucky declared the "Ahen and 

Sedition Laws " null and void. 
1 8 14. Hartford Convention. 
1832. South Carolina Nullification Act. 
1850. Mississippi nominated a States Rights ticket with 
Jefferson Davis for Governor. 
Personal Liberty Laws. 
1860-1861. Secession of eleven States. 

(34) 



riftb lepocb. 



THE CIVIL WAR. 

Causes : 

1. Slavery Question. 

2. The different construction put upon the U.S. Consti- 
tution by the people of the North and of the South. 

3. The different systems of labor in the North and in the 
South. 

4. The want of intercourse between the people of the 
North and of the South. 

5 . Publication of sectional books. 

6. The evil influence of demagogues. 

(35) 



PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE "CIVIL WAR. 







Dates. 


Ba«/es. 




li'/jere Fought. 




I86I. 


July 21. 


Bull Run. 


\a. 




April 6 and 7. 


Shiloh. 


Tenn. 




June 25 to July i. 


Seven Days' Battles, closed 
with Malvern Hill. 


Va. 


1862. 


Sept. 17. 


Antietam. 


Md. 




Dec. 13. 


P>edericksburg. 


Va. 




Dec. 31 to Jan. 2. 


Murfreesboro'. 


Tenn. 




May 2 and 3. 


Chancellorsville. 


Va. 




July I, 2, and 3. 


Gettysburg. 


Penn. 


1863. 


July 4- 


Siege of Vicksburg. 


Miss. 




Sept. 19 and 20. 


Chickamauga. 


Tenn. 




Nov. 25. 


Chattanooga. 


Tenn. 




May 5 and 6. 


Wilderness. 


Va. 


1864. 


June 3. 


Cold ?larl)or. 


Va. 




Dec. 15 and 16. 


Nashville. 


Tenn. 


,865. 


April I. 
April 9. 


Battle of Five Forks. 
Appomattox C. H. 


Va. 
Va. 



(36) 



PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE "CIVIL WAR. 



Commanders. 


Men Engaged. 


Army 


Union. 


Confederate. 


Union. 


Confed. 


Successfut. 


McDowell. 


Beauregard. 


30000 


30000 


Confederate. 


Grant. 


Johnston. 


55000 


40000 


Union. 


McClellan. 


Lee. 


90000 


60000 


Union. 


McClellan. 


Lee. 


80000 


40000 


Union. 


Burnside. 


Lee. 


I 20000 


80000 


Confederate. 


Rosecrans. 


Bragg. 


45000 


35000 


Union. 


Hooker. 


Lee. 


90000 


45000 


Confederate. 


Meade. 


Lee. 


80000 


80000 


Union. 


Grant. 


Pemberton. 


70000 


45000 


Union. 


Rosecrans. 


Bragg. 


55000 


50000 


Confederate. 


Grant. 


Bragg. 


80000 


50000 


Union. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


150000 


80000 


Confederate. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


150000 


50000 


Confederate. 


Thomas. 


Hood. 






Union, 


Grant. 


Lee. 


I 00000 


35000 


Union. 


Grant. 


Lee. 


I 00000 


28000 


Union. 



(37) 



GENERAL REVIEW OF THE CIVIL WAR. 



1861. Brief Review of the First Year of the War. 

The Confederates had taken the large arsenals at Harper's 
Ferry and Norfolk. They had been successful in the great- 
est battles of the year, Bull Run and Wilson's Creek, and in 
several minor engagements. 

The Federals had saved several forts ; had gained vic- 
tories in several minor engagements ; had kept in the Union 
Missouri, Maryland, and West Virginia, and had thrown the 
whole South into a state of siege. 

1862. Brief Review of the Second Year of the War. 

The Confederate victories were : Jackson in the Shenan- 
doah ; Lee in the Peninsular campaign, and against Pope ; 
Bragg's raid in Kentucky, and the battles of Cedar Moun- 
tain, Chickasaw Bluff, and Fredericksburg. 

The Federals had taken several forts, had opened the 
Mississippi to Vicksburg, occupied New Orleans, Yorktown, 
Memphis, and other Southern cities ; had gained the battles 
of Antietam, Fair Oaks, Murfreesboro', and other important 
battles, and had checked the "Merrimac's " career. 

(38) 



1863. Brief Review of the Third Year of the War. 

The Confederates had gained the battles of Chickamauga 
and Chancellorsville. 

The Federals had taken Vicksburg and gained the batdes 
at Chattanooga and Gettysburg. 

1864. Brief Review of the Fourth Year of the War. 

The Confederates had gained the battles of the Wilder- 
ness, Cold Harbor, and others ; had defeated the expedi- 
tions into Florida and the Red River country. 

The Federals had gained the battles of Winchester, Cedar 
Creek, Nashville, and others ; had taken Atlanta and Savan- 
nah ; Sherman had marched through Georgia, Sheridan the 
Shenandoah Valley ; Thomas had destroyed Hood's army, 
and Grant held Lee in Richmond. • 

1865. Brief Review of the Fifth Year of the War. 

Sherman marched through the Carolinas. Lee surren- 
dered to General Grant, April 9, which closed the war. 

The Union debt was nearly $ 2,750,000,000. 

(39) 



TERRITORY AS ACQUIRED BY THE UNITED 
STATES. 



Territory, 


When. 


How. 


From Whom. 


Thirteen Original 
Colonies. 


ri775) 
to [ 


Revolutionary War. 


England. 


N. W. Territory. 


1787 


Ceded. 


Original Col. 


S. W. Territory. 




Ceded. 


Original Col. 


Louisiana. 


1803 


Purchase, $15,000,000. 


France. 


Florida. 


1819 


Purchase, $5,000,000. 


Spain. 


Texas. 


1845 


Annexed. 


Texas. 


California. 


1 848 


Treaty and Pur. $18,500,000. 


Mexico. 


Gadsden. 


1853 


Purchase, $10,000,000. 


Mexico. 


Alaska. 


1867 


Purchase, $7,200,000. 


Russia. 



(40) 



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